Aging Boomers and the Housing Market: Navigating the ‘Silver Tide’

The Impact of Baby Boomers on the Housing Market

The Baby Boomer generation, born between 1946 and 1964, is reaching a significant milestone as the youngest among them turn 60 this year. As this cohort enters their golden years, the choices they make regarding their lifestyle and housing will wield a profound influence on the U.S. economy. Freddie Mac, recognizing the significance of this demographic shift, has undertaken a comprehensive study to understand and analyze the potential impact on the housing market.

The ‘Silver Tsunami’ vs. the ‘Silver Tide’

Amid discussions of a potential “silver tsunami,” a term coined to describe a massive influx of homes into the market as aging Boomers seek to sell their properties, Freddie Mac’s analysis suggests a more nuanced reality. Contrary to a sudden deluge, it envisions a gradual and measured exit, akin to a ‘silver tide.’ This perspective emphasizes a more balanced scenario, where the market may experience a steady ebb and flow rather than an abrupt surge in housing inventory.

Understanding the Boomer Demographic

As of 2022, there were 69 million Baby Boomers, constituting 21% of the U.S. population and 38% of total homeowner households. Boomers, overrepresented in the homeowner demographic, align with the natural progression of homeownership rates, which tend to rise with age and then gradually decline beyond the age of 75.

Forecasting Boomer Homeownership: A Retention Rate Approach

Anticipating the potential decline in Boomer homeowner households, Freddie Mac employs the homeowner retention rate concept. This rate represents the share of homeowners within a birth cohort at the end of a period compared to the beginning of that period. By analyzing the American Community Survey (ACS), the study estimates retention rates based on the assumption that Boomers will follow patterns observed in earlier generations.

Projected Decline in Boomer Homeownership

With Boomers aged between 58 and 76 in 2022, the study extends its analysis to 2035, when this cohort will range from 71 to 89 years old. Applying the estimated retention rates to Boomer households in 2022, Freddie Mac foresees a gradual decline from approximately 32 million in 2022 to 23 million by 2035. According to this estimation, there will be a notable reduction of 9.2 million Boomer homeowner households by 2035.

Accelerated Decline in the 2030s

While the decline in homeowner households remains relatively modest over the next five years, with a reduction of 2.7 million households projected by 2028, the study anticipates an acceleration in the 2030s. As the majority of Boomers enter their 70s or 80s during this period, the decline becomes more pronounced. Despite the increasing number of individuals transitioning out of homeownership, the trend resembles a gradual upward slope rather than a disruptive spike.

Rethinking Projections: Potential Shifts in Retention Rates

While the analysis thus far has been based on historical retention rates, it’s crucial to acknowledge the possibility of a different outcome. The estimates may lean towards the pessimistic side, as retention rates have been on an upward trajectory over time due to improved health outcomes for older Americans and increased life expectancy. If we were to consider the retention rates of the most recent cohorts as of 2022, rather than relying solely on historical averages, the cumulative decline in Boomer households by 2035 could be approximately one million less than previously presented.

Demographic Renewal and Housing Demand

It’s important to recognize that while individuals inevitably age, the overall population undergoes renewal through younger generations. Beyond the natural growth of the population, there exists a substantial latent demand for housing. According to our October 2023 Outlook, there is a potential for as many as two million additional households in the Millennial generation. Coupled with the increasing numbers from Gen Z, the overall demand for housing is poised to rise, even as Boomers gradually exit the market. Over the next five years, we anticipate that the growth in young adult homeowner households will surpass the decline in Boomer homeowner households.

Conclusion: Navigating the Housing Landscape

Freddie Mac’s analysis paints a picture of a housing market undergoing a transformative phase, shaped by the choices of the Baby Boomer generation. The envisioned ‘silver tide’ suggests a more measured and predictable evolution, allowing for a gradual adjustment to the changing demographic landscape. As we navigate the coming decade, understanding and adapting to these demographic shifts will be crucial for homeowners, real estate professionals, and policymakers alike.